References

This numbered list of references below are referenced and used throughout the ZosterInfo.com Web site in a variety of locations.

  1. 1.
    Whitley RJ. Herpes zoster: natural history, diagnosis and therapy. In: Watson CPN, Gershon AA, eds. Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia. 2nd Revised & Enlarged Edition Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science B.V.; 2001:65–78. Pain Research and Clinical Management; vol 11.

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    Gnann JW Jr, Whitley RJ. Herpes zoster. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:340–346.

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    Insinga RP, Itzler RF, Pellissier JM, Saddier P, Nikas AA. The incidence of herpes zoster in a United States administrative database. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20:748–753.

  4. 4.
    Schmader KE. Epidemiology and impact on quality of life of postherpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy. Clin J Pain. 2002;18:350–354.

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    He W, Sengupta M, Velkoff VA, DeBarros KA.  US Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, 23–209.  65+ in United States:  2005. Washington, DC, 2005.

  6. 6.
    Arvin AM. Varicella-zoster virus. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. Vol 2. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:2731–2767.

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    Oxman MN. Clinical manifestations of herpes zoster. In: Arvin AM, Gershon AA, eds. Varicella-Zoster Virus: Virology and Clinical Management. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2000:246–275.

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    Katz J, Cooper EM, Walther RR, Sweeney EW, Dworkin RH. Acute pain in herpes zoster and its impact on health-related quality of life. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:342–348.

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    Johnson RW. Consequences and management of pain in herpes zoster. J Infect Dis. 2002;186(suppl 1):S83–S90.

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    Katz J, Melzack R. Measurement of pain. Surg Clin North Am. 1999;79:231–252.

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    Oster G, Harding F, Dukes E, Edelsberg J, Cleary PD. Pain, medication use, and health-related quality of life in older persons with postherpetic neuralgia: results from a population-based survey. J Pain. 2005;6:356–363.

  12. 12.
    Bowsher D. Pain, sensory change, and allodynia in postherpetic neuralgia. In: Watson CPN, Gershon AA, eds. Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia. 2nd Revised & Enlarged Edition. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science B.V.; 2001:143–147. Pain Research and Clinical Management; vol 11.

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    Pavan-Langston D. Ophthalmic zoster. In: Arvin AM, Gershon AA, eds. Varicella-Zoster Virus: Virology and Clinical Management. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2000:276–298.

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    Harding SP, Lipton JR, Wells JCD. Natural history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus: predictors of postherpetic neuralgia and ocular involvement. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987;71:353–358.

  15. 15.
    Kost RG, Straus SE. Postherpetic neuralgia—pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:32–42.

  16. 16.
    Stedman’s Medical Dictionary. 27th ed. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.

  17. 17.
    Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 30th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier; 2003.

Increasing age, increasing risk–Learn more about zoster incidence